Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan

Glutaric acid, at concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, significantly reduces TRAP measurement by up to 28%, showcasing a dose-dependent efficacy (β=0.77; P<0.001). Additionally, a strong inverse correlation is observed between chemiluminescence and TRAP levels (β=0.81; P<0.001), indicating glutaric acid's potential impact on these parameters. Despite not affecting the activities of catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutaric acid notably inhibits glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity by up to 46%, starting at a minimal concentration of 0.5 mM. This inhibition is further confirmed to follow a dose-dependent pattern, beginning from concentrations as low as 0.05 mM[2], underscoring its potent and variable effect based on the dosage administered.